Tuzrigt

SAFe d tuzrigt s tɣessa tameqqrant: melmi d wamek ara tɛeddim seg Scrum ɣer Scaled Agile Framework

Sɣur Codevista InnovationsYeffeɣ-d ass n 12 Kṭuber 2026Yettwaleqqem ass n 15 Kṭuber 202610 n tesdatin n tɣuri

SAFe (Scaled Agile Framework) yesɛa azal mi ara llin waṭas n yigrawen Agile i yessufuɣen akken yiwet n tifrat, yerna tiqqniwin (dépendances) gar-asen, tizwarin ur nemsasa ara d usdukkel yettɛeṭṭilen ttṣeffun ayen i d-yettawi yal agraw s Scrum. Yettarni-d asuddes, Agile Release Train, yiwet n tnemlilt n uɣawas yemsasan, PI Planning, d usefrek n portfolio s tarrayt Lean, maca s ssuma n tiwuriwin (rôles) d tnemlilin nniḍen. Uqbel ad t-tesseqdcem, senqdet ma yella ugur-nwen yekka-d s tidet seg umsasa gar yigrawen, d ma tewjed tnbaḍt ad tettekki s yiman-is.

Amek ara tessinem ma ur yeqqim ara Scrum yudes?

Scrum yettwasbadu i yiwen n ugraw amecṭuḥ i yezmren ad yessufeɣ s yiman-is aḥric (incrément) yettwaseqdacen. Ma yella ufaris yezmer ad t-id-awin yiwen neɣ sin n yigrawen, aṭas n tikkal d asnerni n Scrum neɣ tuɣalin ɣer Kanban i yesseggamen ayen yesɛan azal (ẓret tamserwest-nneɣ Scrum neɣ Kanban). Uguren ttbeddilen tawsit mi ara xedmen waṭas n yigrawen ɣef yiwet n tifrat:

• Tiqqniwin i yettemḍafaren: yiwen n ugraw yettraǧu API, anegraw (environnement) neɣ asentem seg ugraw nniḍen, yerna asprint yekfa war aḥric yettwaseqdacen.
• Tizwarin ur nemsasa ara: yal Product Owner yesseɣray backlog-ines kan, ulac win ara yegzmen gar yigrawen, yerna amahil yettaf-d iḥricen n tmahalin (fonctionnalités) ur nesɛi ara azal ma llan iman-nsen.
• Asdukkel iqqesḥen: yal agraw yeqqar « ifukk » ɣer tama-s, syin asdukkel deg taggara n kraḍ n wayyuren yettemcabi s tidet d tfesna taqburt n usdukkel n cycle en V.
• Ulac tamuɣli i tnbaḍt, ara yessutren deg tagara iɣawasen uḍdisen i sḍis n wayyuren, ayen ur nemsasa ara d yisprinten.

Asekyed afessas: ɣret tikkelt nniḍen uguren i d-ibanen deg tmuɣliwin ɣer deffir (rétrospectives) tineggura. Ma yella ttɛeddin s waṭas ɣef tikli tagensant n yal agraw, ugur mačči d tɣessa. Ma yella ttuɣalen yal tikkelt ɣer ugraw nniḍen, ɣer tegzimt ixuṣṣen neɣ ɣer usdukkel yettɛeṭṭilen, tamsalt n tuzrigt s tɣessa tameqqrant tettuɣal d tidet.

D acu i d-yettarni SAFe: Agile Release Train, PI Planning d portfolio

Scaled Agile Framework ur yettbeddil ara Scrum neɣ Kanban deg uswir n yigrawen: yessuddus-iten ɣef yiwen n usuddu n wazal (flux de valeur) yemsasan. Asalu unṣib, i ɣef ttɛawalen deg yisemawen yerna ittbeddil seg lqem ɣer wayeḍ, yettwassufeɣ deg scaledagileframework.com.

Agile Release Train (ART)

ART d agraw n yigrawen Agile, yeṭṭfen deg wakud, i yesɛan yiwen n yiswi (mission), yiwen n ART Backlog d yiwet n tikli n wakud (cadence). Teɣzi-s tettwasebded s ufran: azal n 50 alamma 125 n yimdanen almend n usalu, akken ad yezmer yal yiwen ad yesɣawes deg yiwet n texxamt. Release Train Engineer (RTE) d amsefrak-is (facilitateur), Product Management yessuddus tizwarin n features, System Architect yerfed tamuɣli tateknikt, ma d Business Owners sskanen-d iswiyen n umahil yerna sentemen iswiyen.

PI Planning

PI (Planning Interval, yettwassnen zik s yisem Program Increment) yesdukkul aṭas n yiterations, syin yiwet n iteration n tesnulfut d uɣawas (IP Iteration). Deg tazwara n yal PI, igrawen meṛṛa n uteran (train) ttemlilen i PI Planning, s umata deg sin n wussan: ttebḍun features, sskanen-d tiqqniwin ɣef ART Planning Board yerna ttɛahaden ɣef PI Objectives. Deg wammas n PI, System Demo tesskan-d aḥric yemsdukklen n uteran meṛṛa; PI yettfukku s Inspect & Adapt.

Aswir n portfolio

Deg talɣa Portfolio SAFe, Lean Portfolio Management tessefrak idrimen i yisuddiyen n wazal, mačči i yisenfaṛen yiwen s yiwen, yerna Epics ttɛeddint s Portfolio Kanban uqbel ad ttwaqblent. Dagi i yetteḍru s waṭas ubeddel n tidet i tnbaḍt tamatut, acku yennal tadrimt d usefrek (gouvernance), mačči kan tarrayt n uxeddim n yigrawen.

Acḥal i yesswa SAFe deg tnemlilin d usuddes?

Ssuma n SAFe ur tettili ara kan d tafaturt n tesmuɣli. Tettwaktal s waṭas s wakud d tmuɣli (attention):

• Tiwuriwin timaynutin (RTE, Product Management, System Architect), i ttawin imdanen yellan s tidet, mačči yettwarnan ɣer umahil yeččuren yakan.
• Tinemlilin nniḍen: PI Planning, System Demo, Inspect & Adapt, amsasa (synchronisations) yettuɣalen gar yigrawen, aseggem n features uqbel.
• Amawal yemsasan ilaq ad t-tqbel tkebbanit meṛṛa, ihi tasmuɣli i yigrawen, i yimsefrak d tnbaḍt.
• Asalu n yiwet n tkebbanit: SAFe d tamatart (marque) n Scaled Agile, Inc., i yettaken iselɣunen unṣiben; aya yezzay ɣef tadrimt n tesmuɣli d yiselɣunen.
• Aɣbel n bureaucratie ma yettwaseqdac usalu s tmacint (mécaniquement), artefact s artefact, war ma nesteqsa d acu i d-yettawi yal yiwen.

Ssuma-ya tesɛa azal mi ara tbeddel amsasa ur nettwasuddes ara (coordinations informelles) i yesswan yakan aṭas: tinemlilin n tlufa (crise), tigzmiwin i d-yettasen s usali ɣer ufella (escalade), imalasen i yeṛwlen deg usdukkel. Ur tesɛi ara azal i sin n yigrawen i yezmren kan ad bḍun yiwen n backlog d yiwet n tmuɣli (revue).

SAFe, LeSS, Scrum@Scale neɣ Kanban: anwi iberdan nniḍen?

SAFe d asalu i yesɛan ugar n yifecka yerna d win yettaken ugar n yilugan (prescriptif), maca mačči d asalu kan. Iberdan nniḍen ur lhin ugar, ur diren ugar s llsas; ttawin afran nniḍen:

• LeSS (Large-Scale Scrum): yiwen n Product Owner d yiwen n Product Backlog i waṭas n yigrawen, d drus n tiwuriwin yettwarnan. Yessuter tamusni tateknikt yemmden d usnifel n usuddes n tkebbanit.
• Scrum@Scale: asiwel (extension) n Scrum s yiḥricen (modulaire), i yessimɣuren tkebbanit s yizeḍwan n yigrawen yeqqnen gar-asen.
• Nexus: asalu n Scrum.org i kra n yigrawen Scrum i yxeddmen ɣef yiwen n ufaris, s ugraw n usdukkel yettwasbedden i waya.
• Kanban n portfolio yettwaṭṭfen akken iwata: ad sskanen akk tiwuriwin i yettwaxdamen, ad ssedrusen axeddim i yettwaxdamen deg uswir n tnbaḍt yerna ad gezmen deg yizilal yettuɣalen. Aṭas n tikkal, d tikli tamezwarut i yesswan drus, yerna tettheyyi yal asalu ara d-yasen deffir.

SAFe yemsasa ugar d tgrawin timeqqranin yeḥwaǧen tiwuriwin ibanen, asefrek n portfolio d yiwet n tutlayt yemsasan d tnbaḍt. I ufaris i d-ttawin kraḍ neɣ kuẓ n yigrawen, s umata asalu afessas ugar yemsezgen ugar.

Ayɣer i yettɣelli usebded n SAFe?

Tuccḍiwin ttemcabint seg tkebbanit ɣer tayeḍ:

• Iteran (trains) yettwasuddsen s yiḥricen (départements), mačči almend n usuddu n wazal: ttɛawaden iḥricen yemsebḍan (silos) s yisem amaynut.
• Igrawen ur nessin ara Scrum akken iwata: war iterations yeṭṭfen d Definition of Done yettwabḍan, tɣessa tameqqrant tessimɣur tirwi.
• PI Planning yettwassemrasen s tmara: tanbaḍt d-tusa s tesga (périmètre) d uzemz yettwasbedden, war ma tḥesb tazmert i d-nnan yigrawen.
• Tizwarin yettwabeddlen deg wammas n PI war ma ttɛeddint ɣef Product Management, ayen yettekksen anamek i PI Objectives.
• Tarrayin tiknikin ur nǧhid ara: war asdukkel amezgaru (intégration continue) d yiknazen s wudem awurman (tests automatisés), System Demo tesskan-d igdilen (écrans), mačči anagraw yemsdukklen.
• Asalu yettwaqblen i tugna kan, war asekyed n usuddu d yigmaḍ n umahil.

Ula yiwet seg tmentilin-a ur teqqin ɣer usalu s yiman-is: d timentilin n usuddes. Daymi asheyyi yugar azal-is afran gar SAFe d wiyaḍ.

Amek ara theyyim PI Planning amezwaru?

PI Planning amezwaru yettwaheyya ɣef waṭas n yimalasen. Isurifen igejdanen:

1. Ssinet asuddu n wazal d yigrawen i deg-s yettekkan, ula d tmahalin n tallalt i ur nezmir ara ad nesseɛfu (taɣellist, asexdem n yinagrawen (exploitation), amsasa d yilugan (conformité)).
2. Semmet tiwuriwin tigejdanin syin sselmdet-tent: RTE, Product Management, System Architect, Business Owners, akked Scrum Masters d Product Owners n yigrawen.
3. Bnut ART Backlog: features yettwasuddsen s tizwarin, s yilugan n uqbal (critères d'acceptation) d tuzzut (hypothèse) n wazal n umahil. Tuttriwin n yilugan, am uḥraz n yisefka udmawanen i d-yessuter leɣnut amerruki 09-08 (loi 09-08), ttilin deg-s seg tazwara, mačči deg taggara n PI.
4. Heyyet tamuɣli (vision) ara d-tesskan tnbaḍt deg tazwara: asatal n umahil, iswiyen, tilisa (contraintes), izemzen igejdanen yettwassnen (jalons).
5. Ḥesbet tazmert n yal agraw, s usekyed n yimuddiwen (congés), wussan n tfaska (jours fériés) d uḥric yettwaǧǧan i tuḥrezt n yinagrawen (maintenance).
6. Suddset tilisa n tikli (logistique): taxxamt neɣ allal n umyallal (outil collaboratif), ART Planning Board, ahil n wass s tesragin (ordre du jour minuté), wid yettgezmen yellan seg tazwara alamma d tagara.

Deg tnemlilt

Tikli tamagnut (déroulé type) tettemsenfal gar tegnatin timatutin (plénières) d uxeddim s yigrawen: aseknu n usatal n umahil, n tmuɣli n ufaris d tmuɣli n tɣessa tateknikt (architecture), syin tizeqqiwin n uxeddim (ateliers) anida yal agraw yessebna aɣawas-ines n yiterations. Tamuɣli ɣef yiɣawasen n wakud-a (provisoires) d yiwet n tegnit n tifrat n wuguren akked tnbaḍt ttaǧǧant ad tettwaseggem tesga. Ass wis sin, igrawen sskanen-d iɣawasen-nsen ineggura, ixaṭaren (risques) ttwasefraken s tarrayt ROAM (Resolved, Owned, Accepted, Mitigated), yerna afran n ttiqa (vote de confiance) yettfukku asekyed. Afran ameẓyan mačči d aɣelluy: d tamatart yettinin belli ilaq ad yales uɣawas uqbel aɛahed.

Mi ara llin yigrawen bḍan gar waṭas n yidgan, deg Dar Lbiḍa, deg temnaḍin nniḍen n Murakuc neɣ beṛṛa, talɣa hybride yesɛan ifecka yelhan tetteddu, ma yella Business Owners qqimen ttwafen akken ad gezmen deg sin n wussan meṛṛa.

D acu ilaqen ad tessekcem tnbaḍt akken ad yedu SAFe

SAFe ur yettwaǧǧa ara i ugraw n IT (DSI). Tanbaḍt tamatut ilaq ad:

• Tettekki: Business Owners ttilin deg PI Planning, System Demo d Inspect & Adapt, yerna ttaken azal n umahil i PI Objectives.
• Txelles isuddiyen n wazal mačči isenfaṛen, ayen yessutren ad yettwales unezwi n tedrimt (cycle budgétaire).
• Tḥrez PI: ur d-ttuɣalent ara tiwuriwin n lɛajel (urgences) war tagzemt, drus n tiwuriwin i yettwaxdamen akken.
• Terfed abeddel: ad tesbadu agraw n unhaz (pilotage), i s-isemma usalu Lean-Agile Center of Excellence (LACE), yerna ad as-tefk akud d tezmert n tegzimt.
• Tlemmed taneflit Agile (leadership agile) yerna ad teqbel belli ilaq aṭas n PI uqbel ad yaf uteran tikli-s.

Tamahalin n RH, n tedrimt neɣ n marketing ttwaḥesbent mi ara tent-ttɛeddin yisuddiyen n wazal (ẓret Agile beṛṛa n IT). I tkebbanit tamecṭuḥt neɣ talemmast, abrid afessas ugar yettemsasa s waṭas d ubeddel adigan s yisurifen.

Codevista Innovations tettak-d tasmuɣli SAFe i tkebbaniyin i yɛeddan tilisa n yiwen n ugraw, d tasmuɣli Scrum akken ad jehden yisekkiwen, deg tzeqqa deg yal tamnaḍt n Murakuc, s talɣa hybride neɣ s wudem amtawi. Asdawi-nneɣ n tsileɣt ɣer OFPPT (Office de la Formation Professionnelle et de la Promotion du Travail, tamsuddest tamurant n tesmuɣli tamahlant) mazal iteddu: iɣawasen-a mazal ur ttwaqblen deg Contrats Spéciaux de Formation (CSF). Akken ad tesnqdem ma yemsasa SAFe d waddad-nwen, nermset akked ugraw-nneɣ.

Isteqsiyen yettuɣalen

Acḥal n yigrawen i ilaqen akken ad yesɛu SAFe azal?

Ulac tilist tamaɣnast (seuil magique). Agile Release Train yesdukkul aṭas n yigrawen Agile i yessufuɣen yiwet n tifrat, azal n 50 alamma 125 n yimdanen almend n usalu. S sin neɣ kraḍ n yigrawen, aṭas n tikkal qqimen backlog yemsasan, timuɣliwin (revues) yemsdukklen neɣ asalu afessas am Nexus neɣ LeSS. Ayen yettgezzmen d aswir n tiqqniwin gar yigrawen d tuḥwaǧt n uɣawas yemsasan i tettwali tnbaḍt.

D acu i d amgired gar PI Planning d Sprint Planning?

Sprint Planning yeqqen ɣer yiwen n ugraw d yiwet n iteration. PI Planning yesdukkul igrawen meṛṛa n Agile Release Train, akked Product Management, tɣessa tateknikt (architecture) d Business Owners, akken ad sɣawsen akken Planning Interval n waṭas n yiterations. Yesskan-d tiqqniwin yerna yettawi-d PI Objectives. Syin yal agraw yeṭṭef aɣawas-ines n iteration deg wammas n PI.

Ilaq ad nessin Scrum uqbel ad nɛeddi ɣer SAFe?

Ih, aya yettwasemmel s tidet. SAFe yebna ɣef yigrawen i yezmren ad ssufɣen aḥric yetteddun deg yal iteration, s tiwuriwin ibanen d Definition of Done yettwabḍan. Ma yella igrawen ttɛeggun yakan deg yisekkiwen, tɣessa tameqqrant tessimɣur uguren deg wadeg ad ten-tefru. Daymi asejhed n Scrum neɣ Kanban deg uswir n yigrawen d asurif amezwaru aṭas n tikkal.

Tasmuɣli SAFe tezmer ad tettwaxelles s OFPPT deg Murakuc?

Contrats Spéciaux de Formation (CSF) n OFPPT ttaǧǧan tikebbanit ad d-terr aḥric seg yisɣanen-is n tesmuɣli. Asdawi n tsileɣt n Codevista Innovations mazal iteddu: iɣawasen-nnes, gar-asen tasmuɣli SAFe, mazal ur ttwaqblen deg-sen. Tiwtilin n unekcum d tarrayt ttwasbadunt sɣur OFPPT: senqdet-tent srid ɣer tmsuddest-a uqbel ad tebdum. Amagrad-nneɣ ɣef uflubeddi CSF yesfehm-d llsas.