Asnulfu n useɣzan

Amek ara tferneḍ agence n usnulfu web neɣ n useɣẓan deg Dar Lbiḍa

Sɣur Codevista InnovationsYeffeɣ-d ass n 12 Kṭuber 20269 n tesdatin n tɣuri

Akken ad tferneḍ agence n usnulfu web deg Dar Lbiḍa, senqed di tazwara imedyaten n isenfaṛen i yemrawen d usenfar-nnek, sakin ayla n tengalt, tarrayin n tɣellist, aḥraz n yisefka d tewtilin n useggem (maintenance). Sakin serwes tawsit n ukuntra (forfait, régie neɣ tasdukelt n snat) deg wemkan n ssuma kan. Taggara, ḥezzeb tamlilit tamezwarut: amsenfar yelhan yessesteqsay ugar ɣef tḥwajin-nnek ɣef wayen ad ak-d-yawɛed.

Anti isekkilen ara tseqdceḍ i ufran n agence n usnulfu web deg Dar Lbiḍa?

Deg Dar Lbiḍa, yiwet n tuttra n tifyar tezmer ad d-tessiweḍ agence web, tamɣawt n useɣẓan, tamɣawt n tunṭqin d tegrawt n yimxeddamen ilelliyen (freelances). Iɣenfufen-nsen ur ttemserwasen ara ajerriḍ s ujerriḍ: ur ssuman ara yiwet n tama, ur ttaken ara yiwen n uswir n tmuɣli. Ihi, ḥezzeb yal amsenfar s yisekkilen yettwasneqdan, mačči s usmel-ns n usken.

Imedyaten yemrawen yettwasneqdan

Tabdart n yilugo (logos) ur tessenta walu. Ssuter sin neɣ kraḍ n isenfaṛen yemcabin d win-nnek s teɣzi, s uḥric neɣ s teknoloji, sakin senqed-ten: asken n ufaris yettwaseqdacen, amslay akked umsaɣ, tawuri tusligt n agence deg-s. Asekcem n uthème d tebnit n tesmilt s API d ufru s internet ur llin d yiwet n tirmit.

Tarrayt tatiknikt d stack

Steqsi agence ayɣer i d-tessumer teknoloji-nni i usenfar-nnek, mačči anta kan. Stack yettwassnen, yesɛan isemliyen, yettwaḍefren s tidett (Java, PHP, Python, Go neɣ TypeScript deg tama n uqeddac, framework web yettwaseqdacen aṭas deg tama n wudem) ad ak-yeǧǧ ad tesnekcmeḍ imxeddamen neɣ ad tbeddleḍ amsenfar deffir waya. Framework yettwabnan deg daxel neɣ afecku uslig i tessen agence kan ad k-yerr ddaw ufus-ns. Steqsi daɣen amek i tettwasneqdan tengalt d wamek i tettwasbeddad: isenqiden iwurmanen, asdukel amezgi (intégration continue), igemmaren yemgaraden i usenqed (recette) d tfrayt (production).

Tarrayt n uxeddim d tiddit n unermes

Amsenfar yelhan yessefham-ak-d amek ara twaliḍ afaris-nnek itennerni: tuzniwin s uḍebbaḍ ɣef ugemmar n usenqed, iskanen yettwaseṭfen, yiwen n umeslay i yal ass, afecku n uḍfar yettwabḍan. Awalen n tuzrigt ur ssawḍen ara; steqsi amek tettili s tidett yiwet n tuɣalin (itération). Amagrad-nneɣ Scrum neɣ Kanban yettak-d tisura i yessefken.

Wi ay yesɛan tangalt? Ayla, taɣellist d uḥraz n yisefka

Tiɣawsiwin-a kraḍ ttwagzament deg ukuntra, uqbel asprint amezwaru. Asmeslay-nsent tikkelt nniḍen deg tlemmast n usenfar yettili dima yewɛer ugar.

• Ayla n tengalt d yizerfan: akuntra ilaq ad yini belli tangalt taɣbalut (code source), isemliyen d wayen yettwafken ttuɣalen d ayla-nnek, d melmi (s ufru n yal ahric, mačči deg taggara kan). Fk tafurt-a i umsalel-nnek n usaḍuf ad tt-yeɣṛ.
• Anekcum ɣer udépôt: ssuter anekcum n tɣuri ɣer udépôt n tengalt (GitHub, GitLab neɣ wayeḍ am nitni) seg tebdit, ma yella wamek deg tuddsa s yisem-nnek.
• Tarrayin n tɣellist: asefrek n yinekcumen, asenqed n tengalt, iḥraz n tɣellist (sauvegardes), tifrat n yixeṣṣan yettwammlen. Aselkin ISO/IEC 27001 yessenta-d anagraw n usefrek n tɣellist n telɣut yettwasneqden s tamɣawt tis kraḍt; senqed tama i yeṭṭef uselkin d uzemz-ns n taggara, mačči alogo kan. Amnir-nneɣ ISO 27001 d tɣellist n yisefka ɣer umsenfar yessefham amek ara t-tesneqdeḍ d wayen ur yeṭṭif ara.
• Aḥraz d wansa n yisefka: anida ara ttwaḥerzen yisefka, ɣer anwa n umeẓlu n uḥraz (hébergeur), deg anta tamurt, d wi ara yesɛun anekcum ɣur-sen. Ma yella asnas yessekkar isefka udmawen, loi 09-08 (asaḍuf n Murakuc ɣef ugdal n yisefka udmawen) d tigawin ɣer CNDP (Tamesmunt Tanamurt n Usenqed n Ugdal n Yisefka Udmawen) ad ddun fell-as, d uḥraz beṛṛa n Murakuc d asiweḍ n yisefka ɣer beṛṛa, i yettwasbedden s usaḍuf. D kečč, s wudem n bab n usekker (responsable du traitement), ara yeggen tigawin-a, maca agence ilaq ad tessiwel fell-asent war aḥezzeb.

Aseggem, SLA d tɣimit n tegrawt: xemmem deg wayen d-iteddun deffir tuzna

Aseɣẓan yettidir aṭas n iseggasen deffir ma yuli ɣer internet: aleqqem n tɣellist, tiseɣtiwin, isnernayen. Assaɣ akked umsenfar, aṭas n tikkal, s talliyt-a i yettwaḥezzeb.

Ssuter asumer n useggem yettwarun, yemgaraden ɣef usnulfu: tama-ns (tiseɣtiwin, aleqqem n tiɣersiwin (dépendances), asenqed amezgi), akud n tririt ɣef wayen yeɛna uguren, isragen yettwaṭṭfen, d wamek i ttwaxellaṣen yisnernayen. SLA (amtawa ɣef uswir n tmuɣli) war tbadut iẓeṛṛan n wuguren « iqesḥen » ur k-yettḥaḍa ara.

Steqsi daɣen wi ara yexdmen s tidett deg usenfar-nnek, ma d imxeddamen n agence neɣ d imsenfaṛen-nniḍen, d wayen yettwaheggan ma yella win yeffɣen: isemliyen yettwaleqqmen, asenqed n tengalt gar yimxeddamen, asiweḍ n tmusni yettwasuddsen. Asenfar ɣef yiwen n umesnulfu (développeur) kan d aḥezzeb, ula ma yelha umdan-nni aṭas.

Forfait, régie neɣ tasdukelt: anta tawsit n ukuntra ara tferneḍ?

Tawsit n ukuntra d nettat i yesbadun wi ara yerfden aḥezzeb. Ulac yiwet yelhan s yiman-ns; ilaq ad temmar i tmawya n tḥwajin-nnek.

Forfait (ssuma yettwaseṭfen)

• Igerrez: tadrimt d tama ttwassnent zik, aserwes yeshel gar tifyar, yemmar i tḥwajin yerkden yesɛan isemliyen.
• Tilisa: yal abeddel yessutur arnu ɣer ukuntra (avenant); amsenfar yessekcam tama n uḥezzeb deg ssuma-ns; yettili wakken ad d-yefk kan ayen drus yellan deg ukuntra.

Régie (s wakud yettwaxedmen)

• Igerrez: tilelli tameqqrant i usezwer n tizwariyin tikkelt nniḍen, temmar i ufaris SaaS yettwabnan akked yimseqdacen-ns.
• Tilisa: tadrimt taneggarut ur tettwaḥrez ara; asuddes yella ɣef tɣerdin-nnek (asezwer, asentem, aḍfar n wakud yettwaxedmen).

Tasdukelt n snat

Tarrayt yettwassnen tessemlal talliyt n useɣti s forfait (tiɣimiyin n uxeddim, tiẓegriyin (maquettes), tamsukt, asmekti n wakud) sakin isprinten s régie, s tilisa n tedrimt i yal talliyt. Aseɣti yettak-d agmuḍ i d ayla-nnek, yettɣimi d anfeɛ ula ma tbeddleḍ amsenfar deffir-s; yettili daɣen d asenqed n tidett n wassaɣ uqbel ad tekcmeḍ ɣer uɛahed ayzan ugar. I ufaris s ujerred (abonnement), amagrad-nneɣ ɣef usnulfu n SaaS s wudem uslig deg Murakuc yessefham abḍu-ya.

Tiɣawsiwin n uḥezzeb uqbel ad tezmleḍ akked umsenfar

Kra n tikliwin, i yettbanen seg tuttra n tifyar, ttbeccirent s wuguren deg tlemmast n usenfar.

• Ulac asteqsi ɣef tḥwajin-nnek: aɣenfuf yettwaznen war tiɣimit n uxeddim war amslay ɣef yimseqdacen-nnek, tarrayin-nnek d tilisa-nnek yebna ɣef tektiwin ara d-tafeḍ deffir waya.
• Ssuma neɣ akud ddaw n tifyar-nniḍen s waṭas: neɣ tama ur tettwafhem ara akken iwata, neɣ ttwakksen kra n yiferdisen igejdanen (isenqiden, taɣellist, isemliyen).
• Ulac anekcum ɣer udépôt n tengalt: ma tugi agence ad ak-teldi adépôt deg wakud n usenfar, ur tettizmireḍ ad tesneqdeḍ amek iteddu s tidett, ur tettizmireḍ ad tawiḍ tangalt ma yeḥbes wassaɣ.
• « Kullec yezmer ad yili »: amsenfar uḥdiq yettini-d daɣen ayen yettɛeṭṭilen, ayen yesɛan aḥezzeb d wayen ur as-yessumer ara.
• Akuntra ur nban ara: ulac ayen ara d-yettwafken yettwasbadun, ulac isekkilen n usentem (recette), ulac tafurt n tuɣalin (réversibilité).

Anti isteqsiyen ara tesqedceḍ deg temlilit tamezwarut akked tmɣawt n usnulfu?

Steqsi yal amsenfar s yisteqsiyen-a kifkif, aru tiririyin: d abrid ifessusen ugar i userwes n tifyar yemgaraden.

1. Anti isenfaṛen yemcabin d win-nneɣ i txedmem, d nezmer ad nmeslay akked yiwen seg yimsaɣen-nni?
2. Wi ara yilin deg tegrawt, d wi ara yilin d ameslay-nneɣ yal ass?
3. Anta stack i d-tessumrem i usenfar-nneɣ, d ayɣer?
4. Acḥal n tikkal ara nwali taṣurt (version) i nezmer ad tt-nesneqded, d amek ara tesfekrem asuter n ubeddel?
5. Wi ay yesɛan tangalt d wayen yettwafken, d melmi ara nesɛu anekcum ɣer udépôt?
6. Anida ara ttwaḥerzen yisefka, d anti tarrayin n tɣellist i tesseqdacem?
7. D acu i d-tessumrem i useggem, s wacḥal n wakud n tririt?
8. Amek ara yili usiweḍ n usenfar ɣer tegrawt-nneɣ n daxel neɣ ɣer umsenfar nniḍen?

Ma yella deg usenfar-nnek ufru s internet deg Murakuc (s CMI, Centre Monétique Interbancaire, asenfar n ufru s tkarḍiwin deg Murakuc, amedya) neɣ udem s taɛrabt, ssuter tirmit tusligt n tegrawt deg tɣawsa-ya.

Amek ara tserwseḍ iɣenfufen d wamek ara tferneḍ amsenfar-nnek?

Aserwes n tidett yessutur ad awin yimsenfaṛen akk yiwen n usemli. Adlis n tewtilin (cahier des charges) yettwasuddsen, ula ma yella d awezlan, yessemcabi tifyar ɣef tḥwajin kifkif, ɣef tuttriwin n tɣellist kifkif d tewtilin n ayla n tengalt kifkif. Sakin sezwer imsenfaṛen: imedyaten yettwasneqden, tigezmi n yisteqsiyen i d-ssutren, tafat n ukuntra, aseggem, sakin ssuma. Aɣenfuf s ssuma tamecṭuḥt i yessufuɣen isenqiden, isemliyen neɣ aseggem ad t-txelleṣeḍ deffir waya, s tseɣtiwin d tuɣalin ɣer tengalt.

Uqbel ad tezmleḍ, senqed daɣen isental: tamɣawt tella s usaḍuf (registre du commerce, ICE: Identifiant Commun de l'Entreprise), win yezmlen yesɛa azerf, imeslayen ttwasemman deg ukuntra. Isenqiden-a ur ttawin ara aṭas n wakud, ttekksen-ak tiwḥal ur nettwaṛǧa ara.

Codevista Innovations d tamɣawt n tussna n useɣẓan deg Dar Lbiḍa, tesɛa iselkinen ISO 27001:2022 d ISO 9001:2015. Nxeddem s Scrum: talliyt n tussna (découverte) d usnulfu n UX/UI, sakin isprinten n sin n yimalasen s tuzniwin s uḍebbaḍ ɣef ugemmar n staging, s umata s Next.js, Go, Python d TypeScript. Ma tettheggiḍ tuttra n tifyar, steqsi-yaɣ s yisteqsiyen n tebdart-a am yimsenfaṛen-nniḍen: nermes-aɣ.

Isteqsiyen yettuɣalen

Amek ara tesneqdeḍ imedyaten n agence n usnulfu web deg Murakuc?

Ssuter sin neɣ kraḍ n isenfaṛen yemcabin d win-nnek, sakin senqed-ten s tidett: asken n usnas yettwaseqdacen, amslay srid akked umsaɣ-nni, aglam n tawuri tusligt n agence (asugen, asnulfu, aseggem neɣ asekcem kan). Ḥezzeb imedyaten ur tettizmireḍ ad ten-tnermseḍ neɣ i yettwaglemen s wawalen ur nban ara. Amsenfar yesɛan laman deg uxeddim-ns, s umata, yettqebbel ad k-yessemlil akked yiwen n umsaɣ, ma yella yeqbel umsaɣ-nni.

Forfait neɣ régie: anta tawsit n ukuntra ara tferneḍ i usnulfu n usnas?

Forfait yemmar i tama yerkden yesɛan isemliyen: tadrimt tettwassen, maca yal abeddel yessutur arnu ɣer ukuntra (avenant). Régie temmar i ufaris yettbeddilen akked yimseqdacen-ns: tilelli tameqqrant, maca tadrimt taneggarut ur tettwaḥrez ara d usuddes yella ɣef tɣerdin-nnek. Tasdukelt n snat, aṭas n tikkal, d tin yemmaren ugar: aseɣti s forfait, sakin isprinten s régie s tilisa n tedrimt i yal talliyt.

Wi ay yesɛan tangalt taɣbalut (code source) i d-tebna agence?

Yettɛelleq s ukuntra, ihi ilaq ad yettwaru s wudem iẓeṛṛan. Heggi tafurt i k-yettaken tangalt taɣbalut, isemliyen d wayen yettwafken, yif ma yella s ufru n yal ahric. Ssuter daɣen anekcum ɣer udépôt n tengalt seg tebdit, deg wemkan s yisem-nnek ma yella wamek. Fk tafurt i umsalel-nnek n usaḍuf ad tt-yeɣṛ, ugar ma yella umsenfar yettales aseqdec n yiferdisen-ns.

Ilaq ad tferneḍ agence n usnulfu deg Dar Lbiḍa neɣ deg beṛṛa?

Taqrubt tessehlay tiɣimiyin n uxeddim s tilawt, tamusni n tegnit tadigant (tutlayin, afru s internet deg Murakuc, loi 09-08 ɣef yisefka udmawen) d uxeddim deg yiwen n usegzan n wakud. Agence n beṛṛa tezmer ad temmar i tmusni tusligt ur nelli ara aṭas; ihi senqed anida ara ttwaḥerzen yisefka, acku asiweḍ n yisefka ɣer beṛṛa n Murakuc yettwasbedd s loi 09-08. Deg snat n tegnatin, seqdec isekkilen kifkif: imedyaten yettwasneqdan, ayla n tengalt, taɣellist, aḥraz n yisefka d useggem.