Asnulfu n useɣzan

Asnulfu n SaaS deg Murakuc: amek ara tɛeddiḍ seg tikti ɣer ufaris ara yettwaznuzen

Sɣur Codevista InnovationsYeffeɣ-d ass n 12 Kṭuber 202610 n tesdatin n tɣuri

Asnulfu n SaaS deg Murakuc yebda s ubeggen: ugur iẓeṛṛan yesɛa azal ad as-yexlleṣ yiwen, sakin ad tessufɣeḍ MVP d amectuḥ uqbel ad t-tessimɣureḍ. Tigzemin timeqqranin ttasent-d zik: amudil multi-tenant, anekcum d tmezlayin n yiseqdacen, axellaṣ (tawwurt tadigant am CMI i yixellaṣen s dirham, neɣ amsenfar amaḍlan almend n tɣessa tasaḍuft n tmɣawt-nnek), d usensi n yisefka yemsasan d loi 09-08. Taɣellist, aḍfar n unagraw d tarrayt n wazal ttwaheggan seg usprint amezwaru, maci deffir n usufeɣ.

Ansa ara tebduḍ akken ad tesnulfuḍ SaaS?

Tabdit ur tettili ara d tabdart n timahilin, maca d ugur yettidir yiwen n useqdac iẓeṛṛan. « Amasay n RH n tmɣawt tamectuḥt yessmun yal ayur imuḥwaǧen n usteɛfu s ufus deg tfelwit n umḍan (tableur) » d tikti ara yettwaxdmen; « aseqqem adigan n RH » maci akka. Tagelmint n tussna (découverte) tesenqad kraḍ n tɣawsiwin uqbel ad tesersḍ idrimen ameqran:

1. Ugur d tidet, yettuɣal-d s waṭas: imeslayen d yiseqdacen ay teswiḍ ttaken-ak-d ugar n tmusni n tezrawt n usuq tamatut.
2. Yella win ara yexellṣen: anwa ara yezmlen tuttra n uxellaṣ (bon de commande), d acu ara yesmettel ufaris-nnek (tafelwit n umḍan, aseɣzan yellan, amdan)?
3. Tifrat tezmer ad teg s tdukliwin ur nettwaḥbas (ERP, imayl, axellaṣ n yixeddamen…) d s tsumert n yidrimen ara yemsasan d wazal ara yeqbel usuq.

Imedyaten n wudmawen (maquettes) ara yettwasekken i yiseqdacen-a s yiman-nsen ssegmen abrid uqbel yal asnulfu. Ttawin-d adlis n tiwtilin (cahier des charges) yenfeɛn, yettwaxdmen ɣef tḥwaǧin d yiwtilen n uqbal (critères d'acceptation), maci ɣef tebdart n yigdilen.

Acḥal ara yili umeẓlu n MVP n SaaS?

MVP (afaris amectuḥ yeddren, produit minimum viable) maci d tunɣilt yettwaxedmen s tazzla: d tunɣilt tamectuḥt ay yeǧǧan amsaɣ ad yefru ugur-ns, ad yexelleṣ. Yeddan ɣef ubrid meṛṛa, ɣas s wudem afessas:

• ajerred d usnulfu n tallunt n umsaɣ;
• tamahilt tagejdant, tin ɣef ay yettexellaṣ umsaɣ abonnement-ns;
• tarrayt n uxellaṣ, ɣas d tazgent s ufus deg tazwara;
• abrid n tallelt d usemres n tmuɣliwin n yiseqdacen.

Ayen nniḍen (tifelwin n uḍfar tiwsiɛin, asnas n tiliɣri, tidukliwin tisnatin) ad yeṛǧu tamuɣliwin timezwura. Alugen afessas: tamahilt ur yessuter ula d yiwen seg yiseqdacen ay teswiḍ teffeɣ seg MVP. Isprinten imecṭaḥ, ttfakan s tmlilit n usenqed anida ttwasekkan ufaris yetteddun, ttɛawanen ad yeqqim umeẓlu-a; tasmuɣli Scrum tettak i ugraw n ufaris askar ad yefren deg backlog war ma yeffeɣ i ubrid.

Tasekla multi-tenant: asmel yettwabḍan neɣ taffa i yal amsaɣ?

SaaS yeqqdac i waṭas n yimsaɣen (« tenants ») s yiwen n usnas kan. Asteqsi meṛṛa: armi d anida ara yaweḍ ubḍu n yisefka, d yal tifrat tessenqal tasumert seg yiwen n wemkan ɣer wayeḍ.

Asmel yettwabḍan s usulay n tenant

Yal tafelwit tesɛa tagejdit ay d-yessenten amsaɣ, d yal asteqsi n taffa ittsizdig fell-as. D amudil ay ishilen ugar i usedduy: yiwet n taffa, yiwen n usiweḍ (migration) i yal abeddel, tasumert n tsekla tettwaḥbas, tisnaddanin timatuyin fessusit. Axaṭaṛ-ns agejdan d tuffɣa n yisefka gar yimsaɣen ma yettwattu usizdeg. Ad t-tessenqṣeḍ mi ara tesmunḍ tifin n tenant deg yiwet n tsila kan, mi ara tesremdeḍ taɣellist s uswir n yizirigen (row-level security) ma tettak-tt taffa (PostgreSQL, s umedya), d mi ara taruḍ isenqaden iwurmanen ay yettaɛraḍen s tidet ad ɣren isefka n umsaɣ nniḍen.

Asmel i yal amsaɣ

Tifelwin n yal amsaɣ ttidirent deg tallunt yemgaraden n yiwet n taffa. Abeḍḍu iban ugar, d tririt n yiwen n umsaɣ kan tishil. Maca yal asiweḍ ilaq ad yettwasnes ɣef yismalen meṛṛa, d yifecka n usufeɣ ilaq ad ssnen ad d-alsen seg wemkan anida ay ceḍḍen.

Taffa n yisefka i yal amsaɣ

Abeḍḍu ameqqran, ay ḥemmlen yimsaɣen imeqqranen d yiḥricen yettwasbedden s yilugan, s tezmert n usensi n umsaɣ weḥd-s. Azal-ns: aḍfar, tiḥeṛẓiyin (sauvegardes), tuqqniwin d yisiweḍ ttugten akken ttugten yimsaɣen.

I tebdit, asmel yettwabḍan yeqqen s waṭas, s ucraḍ ad yili usulay n tenant deg yal amkan d tengalt ad teǧǧ ad tesnequleḍ ɣer sdat amsaɣ yessutren aṭas ɣer taffa i yiman-ns. Ḍfer daɣen « amaray ameqqran n ṣṣut » (voisin bruyant): amsaɣ yeqqdacen aṭas ur ilaq ara ad yesɛeḍḍel wiyaḍ, daymi tilisa (quotas) d yifurkan n usekker i yal tenant. Afran n tsekla tatiknikt yezzay ɣef waya meṛṛa: ẓer asnifel n tsekla s Go d Next.js.

Anekcum, tamezlayin d uxellaṣ: d acu n tifrat deg Murakuc?

Amsaɣ B2B yettraǧu, ɣas d drus, ad yeɛreḍ imeddukal-ns n uxeddim, tamezlayin yemgaraden (anedbal, aseqdac, taɣuri kan) d unekcum s sin n yisenqaden (2FA); tikebbaniyin timeqqranin ssutrent s waṭas anekcum yiwen (SSO) s ukaram n yimdanen-nsent. D tasila tamḥessast: ad tessetneḍ ɣef umsenfar n tmagit neɣ ɣef temkarḍit yettwaɛeṛḍen yif ma tɛawdeḍ-tt-id s yiman-nnek.

I usemres n yidrimen, kullu yeɛleq s yimsaɣen-nnek d tɣessa tasaḍuft n tmɣawt-nnek:

• Imsaɣen n Murakuc ay yettexellaṣen s tkarḍa: tifrat n uxellaṣ deg uẓeṭṭa tidiganin, am tid yeqqnen ɣer CMI (Centre Monétique Interbancaire, tamesbaṛt n tkarḍiwin n uxellaṣ gar tbankiwin) ay ttaken tbankiwin d yimsenfaren n uxellaṣ, d abrid yettwassnen akken ad tesmersḍ s dirham. Senqed akked tbanka-nnek ma yella uxellaṣ yettuɣalen (récurrent) yettwakcem deg tuffra ay tesmeẓleḍ uqbel ad tebnuḍ fell-as amudil n ubonnement.
• Imsaɣen n berra: amsenfar amaḍlan (Stripe neɣ wayeḍ am netta) yessefrak abonnements, asmekti d tfaktuṛin, maca anekcum ɣer-s yeɛleq s tmurt anida tettwajerred tmɣawt-nnek. Senqed-it akked tbanka-nnek d umsalel-nnek, ula d ilugan n usnifel n yidrimen (réglementation des changes).
• Imsaɣen imeqqranen: asiweḍ n yidrimen s tuttra n uxellaṣ (virement sur bon de commande) mazal yettwassen; heggi seg tazwara tafaktuṛt s ufus yeṣfan.

Sɛezel tameẓla n ubonnement (tiwsatin, akud n uɛraḍ, abeddel n tewsit, tidrimin yettuɣalen) deffir n tesɣunt tagensant: abeddel n umsenfar n uxellaṣ, neɣ asdukkel n waṭas, ur ilaq ara ad k-yeḥwiǧ ad tɛawdeḍ tira n ufaris.

Anida ara tesensuḍ SaaS deg Murakuc? Loi 09-08 d CNDP

Seg wass ara yesseqdec SaaS isefka udmawen (ixeddamen, imsaɣen ineggura, imuḍan…), loi n° 09-08 (asaḍuf n Murakuc ɣef ugdal n yimdanen mi ttwasekkaren yisefka-nsen udmawen) yettwasnes fell-as. Almend n usekker, yezmer ad ilaq usuṭṭu neɣ tuttra n tsiregt uqbel ɣer CNDP (Tamesmunt Tanamurt n Usenqed n Ugdal n Yisefka Udmawen), d usiweḍ n yisefka ɣer tmurt n berra yettwasbedded s yilugan: yezmer ad yessuter daɣen tasiregt.

Afran gar umsensi deg Murakuc d cloud amaḍlan ur yettwaxdem ara ɣef wazal neɣ ɣef tɣawla kan. Kraḍ n yisteqsiyen ay t-yessbedden:

• acu n yisefka udmawen ay yesseqdec ufaris, d wigad yellan d imḥessasen (tadawsa, s umedya)?
• acu ay ssutren yimsaɣen ay tettnadiḍ deg yikuntraten-nsen, ugar tadbelt d yiḥricen yettwasbedden s yilugan?
• acu n tsurifin ay tessutur CNDP i usekker-a, d, ma yella, i usiweḍ?

Gzem tiɣawsiwin-a akked umsalel-nnek n usaḍuf uqbel ad tzemleḍ d umsensi: asnequl n yisefka n usekker (production) deffir n waya iɣezzif, yesɛa axaṭaṛ.

Taɣellist d uḍfar n unagraw seg tunɣilt tamezwarut

SaaS yessmun isefka n yimsaɣen-ns meṛṛa: yiwet n tuccḍa n taɣellist tettḥaz-ten akk ɣef yiwet n tikkelt. Ayen ur ilaq ara ad ixuṣ seg usufeɣ amezwaru ɣer usekker:

• asettel (chiffrement) n yimesli d tḥeṛẓiyin, s tririyin yettwaɛeṛḍen s tidet;
• tisura tiwḥcin (secrets) ttwaḥerzent berra n tengalt, d unekcum n tedbelt s yisem n yal yiwen;
• iɣmisen n usenqed (journaux d'audit) n tigawin timḥessasin (asufeɣ n yisefka, abeddel n yizerfan, tukksa);
• aḍfar n unagraw (observabilité): imḍanen, iɣmisen yettwasmunen d yilɣa, yettwabḍan s tenant, akken ad tafeḍ ugur uqbel imsaɣen-nnek;
• timkarḍiyin (dépendances) ttwaleqqment, d tɣuri n tengalt (revue de code) yal tikkelt.

Imsaɣen n B2B ttarun-d isteqsiyen-a deg tferkiwin n taɣellist. Tanagit ISO/IEC 27001 tettak-d askar yettwassnen i tririt fell-asen: ẓer ayen ay yessenta s tidet uselɣun ISO 27001.

Acu n tarrayt n wazal i SaaS B2B?

Azal ittwaɛraḍ am tmahilt. Tarrayin ay yettwassnen ugar:

• I yal aseqdac (i yal amkan): iban, yemsasa d yifecka n tdukli deg uxeddim, maca yessenduy amsaɣ ad yessenqes amḍan n yimiḍanen, s waya aseqdac.
• S useqdec: s tiddi (isemliyen, timsiwḍin, isawalen n API); yemsasa d wazal, maca ur iban ara aṭas i tsumert n umsaɣ.
• S yiswiren: tiwsatin ay yesdukklen timahilin d tlisa; s waṭas d tifrat ay ishilen ugar i uznuzu deg tebdit.
• Imsefsi (hybride): abonnement n tazwara s uswir, d wayen yɛeddan tilisa yettwaxelleṣ s useqdec.

Ɣas d acu n umudil, qqen azal ɣer taferdist n wazal ay iwala umsaɣ, heggi tawsit « s tsumert (sur devis) » i yimsaɣen imeqqranen, d ḥrez tiwsatin deg yisefka n twila (configuration), maci deg tengalt, akken ad tesnifleḍ azal war asufeɣ amaynut. Akud n uɛraḍ yettili i usentem n wazal; tawsit tilellit i lebda ur tesɛi anamek ala ma tessegmay s tidet aznuzu s uxellaṣ.

Tuccḍiwin ay yesseɣlayen asenfar n SaaS

Aɣlay ur d-yettas ara s waṭas seg tteknoloji:

• Asebnu n MVP s ugar n wayen ilaqen: ayyuren n usnulfu uqbel amsaɣ amezwaru ara yexellṣen, ɣef tkatin ur ttwaɛeṛḍent bdan d usuq.
• Ad tettuḍ asekcem n umsaɣ (onboarding): amsaɣ ur yufin ara s tazzla azal n ufaris, drus ma ad yeqqim. Amɛiwen n tebdit, isefka n umedya d ukcam n yisefka seg ufecku yezwaren d timahilin s yiman-nsent.
• Ad tessgelḍeḍ churn: aḍfar n tukksiwin n ubonnement, asteqsi n yimsaɣen ay iddan, d uktal n useqdec n tidet ttaken-ak ugar n telɣut n umḍan n yijerriden.
• Asendeḥ n taɣellist d tlelli s yilugan ɣer deffir: asmeɣres-nsent deffir n waya yeɣla ugar, yesseḥbas aznuzu i yimsaɣen imeqqranen.
• Afran n umsenfar s wazal kan: ẓer iwtilen akken ad tferneḍ tamesbaṛt n usnulfu deg Dar Lbiḍa.

Asnulfu n useɣzan yettwaseɣẓen deg Dar Lbiḍa: d acu ara theggiḍ?

Ma tesnulfuḍ deg ugensu neɣ akked umsenfar, iferdisen-a ttsurifen imalasen imezwura:

• ugur yettwarun s yiwet n tefyirt, d yiseqdacen ay teswiḍ yakan;
• abrid n MVP, d wayen yettwakksen s wudem iban;
• tabdart n yisefka udmawen ara yettwasekkren d yilugan-nnek n usensi;
• tibridin n usemres n yidrimen ay tettwaliḍ d tɣessa tasaḍuft ara yessuffɣen tifaktuṛin;
• tasumert n yidrimen d wakud n tagara yemsasan d tidet, ɣas s uqareb.

Codevista Innovations tesnulfuy deg Dar Lbiḍa SaaS yettwaseɣẓen s wayen tesra yal tamɣawt (tisekla multi-tenant, asefrek n ubonnement; Next.js, Go, Python, TypeScript) s uskar n Scrum: tagelmint n tussna (découverte) d usnulfu n UX/UI, sakin isprinten n sin n yimalasen yettwasufɣen ɣef twennaḍt n staging i usentem-nnek. Takebbanit tesɛa iselɣun ISO 27001:2022. I wakken ad tesbeddeḍ asenfar-nnek, ad nemsawal.

Isteqsiyen yettuɣalen

Acḥal n wakud ay yesra usnulfu n MVP n SaaS?

Yeɛleq s umeẓlu, s tdukliwin d yiseqdacen ara yeɛrḍen ma llan. Deg wemkan n uzemz yettwaḥbas, ḥbes MVP ɣef ubrid meṛṛa amectuḥ (ajerred, tamahilt tagejdant, axellaṣ, tallelt) yettwasufɣen s yisprinten imecṭaḥ. Yal tamlilit n usenqed n usprint tettɛawan ad tekkseḍ ayen ur ilaqen. MVP ur nfukk ara s waṭas yettmal-d dima ameẓlu ameqqran aṭas, maci agraw iɛeṭṭlen.

Acḥal i yeswa usnulfu n SaaS deg Murakuc?

Ulac azal yettwasbedden: tasumert teɛleq s umeẓlu n MVP, s umḍan n tdukliwin (ERP, axellaṣ, SSO), s yilugan n ubeḍḍu d taɣellist, sakin s usedduy (asensi, aḍfar, aseɣti). Ugur yettwasbedden mliḥ d udlis n tiwtilin (cahier des charges) yettwaxdmen ɣef tḥwaǧin ttaǧǧan ad tawiḍ tisumar (devis) yemserwasen, d ad tessenqṣeḍ ameẓlu deg wemkan ad tessenqṣeḍ tigezmi.

Is ilaq ad ttwasensen yisefka n SaaS deg Murakuc?

Maci dima, maca asteqsi-a ilaq ad yettwagzem zik. Loi 09-08 tessbedd asekker n yisefka udmawen d usiweḍ-nsen ɣer berra, ddaw n usenqed n CNDP. Almend n tewsit n yisefka d wayen ssutren yimsaɣen-nnek, ugar tadbelt neɣ iḥricen yettwasbedden s yilugan, asensi deg Murakuc yezmer ad yili d ilaq. Ssentem afran-a ɣer umsalel-nnek n usaḍuf d senqed tisurifin ilaqen ɣer CNDP uqbel ad tzemleḍ d umsensi.

Is tzemreḍ ad tesmersḍ abonnements s dirham i SaaS?

Ih. I yimsaɣen n Murakuc ay yettexellaṣen s tkarḍa, tifrat n uxellaṣ deg uẓeṭṭa tidiganin, ugar tid yeqqnen ɣer CMI ay ttaken tbankiwin d yimsenfaren n uxellaṣ, ttaǧǧant ad tesmersḍ s dirham. Axellaṣ yettuɣalen yeɛleq s tuffra ay tesmeẓleḍ: senqed-it akked tbanka-nnek. I yimsaɣen imeqqranen, asiweḍ n yidrimen s tuttra n uxellaṣ mazal yettwassen. Err asefrek n ubonnement ur yeɛleq ara s umsenfar, akken ad tzemreḍ ad t-tbeddleḍ neɣ ad tesdukleḍ aṭas.

Acu n tsekla multi-tenant ara tferneḍ i tebdit n SaaS?

I tegti n yisenfaṛen, asmel yettwabḍan s usulay n tenant deg yal tafelwit d tabdit yelhan ugar: yiwet n taffa, isiweḍ ishilen, tasumert tettwaḥbas. Yessuter asizdeg iqquḥen, yettwaɛawnen s taɣellist s uswir n yizirigen ma tettak-tt taffa d yisenqaden n ubeḍḍu. Asmel neɣ taffa i yiman-ns teḥwaǧ-itt kan i yimsaɣen ay yessutren abeḍḍu iǧehden.